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Soltanieh dome
The Soltaniyeh Dome is the tomb of Oljaito (Sultan Mohammad Khodabandeh). He was the eighth Mongol sultan. The Soltaniyeh Dome was built between 1302 and 1312 AD (703 to 713 AH) by order of Sultan Mohammad Khodabandeh and under the supervision of Rashid al-Din Fazlullah Hamedani in the city of Soltaniyeh (the capital of the Ilkhanids) and is considered one of the important works of Iranian architecture. The Soltaniyeh Dome was registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2005. This building is the third largest brick dome in the world after the dome of Hagia Sophia and the church of Santa Maria del Fiore.
The dome is located five farsakhs east of the city of Zanjan, inside the ramparts of the old city of Soltaniyeh, and is an octagonal building with each side measuring 80 yards. It also has eight minarets around the dome; and it is the oldest double-roofed dome in Iran. The color of the dome is blue. On these sides is a high dome. The height of the building is 48.5 meters and the diameter of its internal opening is 25.5 meters. In its upper part, the building is surrounded by rooms and pavilions. The dome itself is covered with turquoise tiles and the ceiling inside the upper rooms is decorated with stucco and colorful bricks. Quranic verses and the names of Allah are written in bold script on the edges of the arches. Engravings can also be seen in the bricks of the walls and colorful ceilings of the building.
The decorations and the way this tomb was built were actually a turning point in the architecture of that era in that it created a new style in architecture that was separate from Seljuk architecture.
History of the construction of the Soltaniyeh Dome
Interior view of the Soltaniyeh Dome
The Soltaniyeh Dome is visible from all parts of the city with its turquoise color. This dome was built in 703 AH by order of Al-Jaytu (Sultan Mohammad Khodabandeh). The design of this octagonal dome was also the responsibility of Fazlollah Hamedani, the minister of the Ilkhanid dynasty. This dome was built over a period of ten years by an architect named Seyyed Ali Shah with three thousand workers. After the completion of the construction, the decoration of the building began and took three years.
Architecture
This building is the most magnificent building of the Azeri style and perhaps the entire architecture of Iran, next to which the tomb of Sultan Mohammad Khodabandeh (Al-Jaito) was built. From the large Soltaniyeh Arsan, which included the hospital, the khanqah and its mezzanine, only the dome house and the tomb of Al-Jaito have survived. The mezzanine was perhaps twice the size of Naqsh-e Jahan Square. The space of the tombs was added to it later.
This building consists of 8 porches and 8 minarets, which are said to be modeled after the 8 gates of heaven (Abuab al-Bar or Darhay Niki). The building includes two periods of decoration. The first round of decorations was brick and tile, which was written with verses from the Quran and the names of Allah, Muhammad, Ali, and the Sultan, but after a while, for an unknown reason, Sultan Mohammad Khodabandeh ordered the tile decorations to be covered with plaster. The Soltaniyeh Dome consists of three main parts: the entrance, the tomb, and the crypt.
Location
This historical monument is 44 km (40 minutes) away from the city of Zanjan. The distance between the Soltaniyeh Dome and Tehran is also about 295 km (three hours and 10 minutes). This unique attraction is 63 km (one hour) away from Zanjan Airport, 43 km (40 minutes) away from Zanjan Railway Station, and 44 km (43 minutes) away from Zanjan Bus Terminal.
Address: Soltaniyeh, Allameh Heli Boulevard
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